内皮素-1对培养新生大鼠心肌
细胞原癌基因c-fos表达的诱导*

吴滨 王庭槐 朱小南 潘敬运

  摘要 本实验用无血清的培养新生大鼠心肌细胞,探讨内皮素-1(ET-1)对原癌基因c-fos表达的作用。结果显示: ET-1可显著诱导c-fos的表达,其表达的高峰在30 min,2 h恢复到正常水平,并呈剂量依赖性反应和被ETA的特异性受体拮抗剂BQ123所阻断;蛋白激酶C(PKC)激动剂PMA可诱导c-fos表达,而PKC抑制剂Staurosporine则可阻断ET-1诱导的c-fos表达;钙通道阻断剂硝苯吡啶预处理心肌细胞对ET-1诱导的心肌细胞的c-fos表达无明显的作用。这些结果提示,ET-1诱导c-fos表达是通过ETA受体介导的,PKC在此过程中起重要作用。
  关键词: 内皮素-1;心肌细胞;c-fos
  学科分类号: 331.3

ET-1 INDUCES THE EXPRESSION OF PROONCOGENE
c-fos IN CULTURED NEONATAL RAT MYOCARDIAL CELLS*

WU BIN,WANG TING-HUAI,ZHU XIAO-NAN,PAN JING-YUN
(Department of Physiology,Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences,Guangzhou 510089)

  ABSTRACT In the present study,the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos in cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells was investigated.The results are as follows: ET-1 induced c-fos expression in a dose-dependent manner.Selective ETA receptor antagonist blocked ET-1-induced responses.Protein kinase C(PKC) agonist PMA induced c-fos expression.PKC inhibitor staurosporine blocked ET-1 induced c-fos expression.Calcium channel blocker,nifedipine did not significantly affect the expression of c-fos induced by ET-1.These results suggest that in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes,ET-1 induced c-fos gene expression is mediated by ETA receptor with the participation of protein kinase C,while the voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channel is not involved.
  Key words: endothelin-1;c-fos;cardiomyocyte

  内皮素-1(ET-1)是由21个氨基酸残基组成的活性肽,具有强烈的收缩血管、心肌正性肌力和促进血管平滑肌细胞生长等作用[1]。据报道,在新生大鼠心肌细胞和成年大鼠心肌细胞上都有ET-1受体[2]。原癌基因c-fos的表达产物FOS蛋白是重要的转录因子。ET-1诱导新生大鼠心肌细胞c-fos基因表达机制仍不完全清楚。本实验主要的目的是在培养新生大鼠心肌细胞上,探讨ET-1对心肌细胞c-fos表达的诱导及其机制。

  1 材料和方法

  1.1 心肌细胞培养  按我们过去应用的方法培养新生大鼠心肌细胞3]。分离1~3 d龄的Sprague-Dawley大鼠心室肌细胞。用差速贴壁法除去非心肌细胞,并在培养的最初2 d,加入0.1 mmol/L 5′-溴脱氧尿苷以抑制非心肌细胞生长。在培养的第2天换成无血清培养液,24 h后开始进行各种实验。
  1.2 心肌细胞总RNA的提取  用硫氰酸胍-酚-氯仿(AGPC)一步法提取心肌细胞的总RNA[4],用紫外分光光度计(英国CECIL)以260 nm紫外光吸收率测定总RNA含量。
  1.3 c-fos及GAPDH探针的标记  用Digoxigenin(DIG)随机引物探针标记药盒进行c-fos探针标记[5]。用甘油醛磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)寡聚核苷酸作为探针,核苷酸序列如下: 5′-ACCATGTAGTTGAGGTCAATG-3′(加拿大Genda公司合成),用DIG寡聚核苷酸3′末端标记药盒进行3′末端地高辛荧标记[5]
  1.4 RNA斑点杂交  RNA杂交方法见文献[5],以GAPDH基因的表达水平为内标[6]
  1.5 试剂  内皮素-1,佛波酯(4-phorbol,12-myristate,13-acetate,PMA)用二甲亚砜(DMSO)溶解,临用前按1∶1?000(v/v)比例加至无血清培养液。PKC抑制剂Staurosporine用无水乙醇溶解成1×10-4 mol/L,临用时以无血清培养液稀释。以上试剂均购于Sigma公司,c-fos探针购于天象人公司,DIG标记药盒购自Boehringer Mannhein公司。
  1.6 统计分析  每组实验重复3次,用%来表示,以最大值为各组的100%。所有数据均用平均值±标准误(g20-1.gif (186 字节))表示,用t检验作统计学处理。

  2 结果

  2.1 ET-1诱导c-fos基因表达的时间过程
  在无血清培养的心肌细胞培养基中加入1×10-8 mol/L的ET-1后15、 30、 60、 120和240 min,分别测定c-fos mRNA水平。在15 min时,c-fos基因表达开始增加,30 min达峰值(P<0.01),以后逐渐下降,2 h接近对照水平(图1)。

20-1.gif (5822 字节)

1 ET-1诱导心肌细胞c-fos基因表达的时间过程
Fig.1 Line graph showing time course of the ET-1-induced c-fos gene expression in cultured neonatal rat cardiomycytes*P<0.05,**P<0.01 compared with control.
Upper panel showing dot-blot analysis of time course of the ET-1-induced c-fos
gene expression in cultured cardiomyocytes.The same blot was
rehybridized with a synthetic oligonucleotide for GAPDH as internal controls.

  2.2 ET-1c-fos基因表达的量效关系
  将不同浓度的ET-1(1010107 mol/L)分别加入到无血清培养的心肌细胞培养基中,作用30 min,观察不同浓度的ET-1c-fos mRNA含量的影响。随着加入培养基中的ET-1浓度的升高,c-fos表达逐渐增加。在ET-1浓度为107 mol/L,c-fos基因的表达达峰值,为对照组的2.6(P<0.01)(2)

20-2.gif (4882 字节)

2 ET-1诱导培养新生大鼠心肌细胞c-fos基因表达的量效关系
Fig.2 Line graph showing dose-response relation of
ET-1-induced c-fos expression in cultured cardiomyocytes
*P<0.05,**P<0.01 compared with control.
Upper panel shows dot-blot analysis of dose-response relation
of ET-1-induced c-fos expression in cultured cardiomyocytes.
The same blot was rehybridized with a synthetic
oligonucleotide for GAPDH as internal control.

  用1×108 mol/L ET-1作用于心肌细胞30 min,c-fos表达较对照组增高约3.92(P<0.01);而预先加入BQ123(1×106 mol/L)作用30 min,再加入ET-1(1×108 mol/L)作用30 min,c-fos基因的表达与对照组相比无明显差异(P>0.05);BQ123本身对c-fos基因表达无明显的作用(3)

21-1.gif (5688 字节)

3 ET-1的受体拮抗剂BQ123对ET-1诱导培养新生大鼠心肌细胞c-fos基因表达的影响
Fig.3 Bar graphs showing the effect of ETA receptor antagonist BQ123 on ET-1-induced c-fos gene expression in cultured cardiomyocytes**P<0.01 compared with control.
Upper panel shows dot-blot analysis of effect of BQ123 on c-fos gene expression
in cultured cardiomyocytes.The same blot was rehybridized with a synthetic
oligonucleotide for GAPDH as internal control.

  2.3 PKC的作用
  以蛋白激酶CPKC)激动剂佛波酯(PMA)1×106 mol/L)预处理心肌细胞30 min,明显诱导c-fos基因的表达,其表达水平为对照组的3.44(4A)

22-1.gif (3959 字节)22-2.gif (5031 字节)

4 PMA和Staurosporine对ET-1诱导培养新生大鼠心肌细胞c-fos基因表达的影响
Fig.4 Bar graphs showing the effect of PMA and Staurosporine on ET-1-induced c-fos expression in cultured cardiomyocytesA.Upper panel showing dot-blot analysis of PMA
onET-1-induced c-fos mRNA expression in cultured cardiomyocytes;
B.Upper panel showing dot-blot analysis of staurosporine on ET-1-induced
c-fos expression in cultured cardiac myocytes.The same blot was
rehybridized with a synthetic oligonucleotide for GAPDH as
internal control.**P<0.01 vs control.

  将ET-1(1×10-8 mol/L)加入培养心肌细胞中作用30 min,c-fos基因的表达较对照组增加(P<0.01)。预先加入PKC抑制剂Staurosporine(2×10-9 mol/L)作用30 min,然后再加入ET-1(1×10-8 mol/L)作用30 min,c-fos基因的表达水平与对照组相比无明显差异(P>0.05),Staurosporine本身对c-fos基因的表达无明显的作用(图4B)。
  2.4 硝苯吡啶的作用
  将ET-1(1×10-8 mol/L)加入培养心肌细胞中作用30 min,c-fos基因表达较对照组明显增加(P<0.01)。预先加入硝苯吡啶(1×10-6 mol/L)作用30 min后,再加入ET-1(1×10-8 mol/L)作用30 min,c-fos基因表达与ET-1组相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。硝苯吡啶本身对c-fos基因表达无明显作用,提示L-型钙通道不介导ET-1诱导的c-fos基因的表达(图5)。

22-3.gif (5100 字节)

5 硝苯吡啶对ET-1诱导c-fos基因表达的作用
Fig.5 Bar graphs showing the effect of nifedipine on c-fos expression in cultured cardiomyocytes**P<0.01 vs control.Upper panel showing dot-blot analysis of the effect of nifedipine on c-fos expression in cultured cardiomyocytes.
The same blot was rehybridized with a synthetic
oligonucleotide for GADPH as internal control.

  3 讨论

  现已证实,大鼠心肌细胞膜上有ET-1受体[2],ET-1可诱导培养新生大鼠心肌细胞的肥大反应[3]。但是,ET-1如何通过跨膜信号转导导致心肌细胞肥大尚不太清楚。我们在无血清培养新生大鼠心肌细胞上观察到,ET-1能诱导心肌细胞c-fos基因表达,并呈剂量依赖性,这种作用可被ETA特异性受体拮抗剂BQ123所阻断,提示ET-1诱导c-fos基因表达是由ETA受体介导的。PKC激动剂PMA可诱导基因c-fos表达,PKC抑制剂Staurosporine可阻断ET-1诱导c-fos表达,提示ET-1诱导c-fos基因表达需要PKC参与。上述结果和我们以前的工作[3]表明,ET-1与心肌细胞膜上的ETA受体结合后,与百日咳毒素敏感的G蛋白相耦联,再激活细胞膜上的磷脂酶C(PLC),催化磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸(PIP2)水解,生成三磷酸肌醇(IP3)和二酰甘油(DG),后者激活PKC,PKC再通过尚不完全了解的途径调控细胞核内c-fos基因的表达。最近几年,与生长有关的蛋白激酶的研究已成为生长调控中最活跃的研究课题之一。有报告指出[7],丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK)依赖信号途径在细胞外信号转导到细胞核的调节转录中起着十分重要的作用。ET-1与ETA受体结合并与G蛋白(Gq)耦联激活PKC,后者通过尚未阐明的途径激活c-Raf,使c-Raf磷酸化,激活MAPK激酶,后者又使MAPK磷酸化而使MAPK激活,激活的MAPK调控c-fos基因的转录。另一条途径是,ET-1与细胞膜上的ETA受体结合后,不通过G蛋白环节而是通过激活Src蛋白酪氨酸激酶使c-Raf磷酸化而激活,最后激活MAPK[8]
  细胞内Ca2+在诱导心肌肥大和原癌基因c-fos表达中起重要作用。Ito等报道[9],Ca2+载体ionomycin升高培养新生大鼠心肌细胞内Ca2+浓度可诱导心肌细胞基因的表达;细胞内Ca2+在血管紧张素II诱导左心室c-fos表达中有重要作用[10]。我们证实ET-1可通过细胞外钙内流升高培养新生大鼠心肌细胞内Ca2+浓度(待发表)。细胞外Ca2+内流是通过细胞膜上哪一种Ca2+通道仍有争论。Lauer等[11]在兔心肌细胞中发现,ET-1通过G-蛋白间接激活电压依赖性的L-型Ca2+通道,但Nakajima等[12]在内培养主动脉平滑肌细胞上的研究中证实,ET-1诱导的细胞内Ca2+浓度升高不受硝苯吡啶影响。Fueukawa等[113]在培养新生大鼠心肌细胞上用膜片箝技术发现,ET-1引起的Ca2+内流是激活T-型钙通道。在本实验中我们观察到,L-型钙通道阻断剂硝苯吡啶不能阻断ET-1诱导c-fos表达,提示ET-1诱导心肌细胞c-fos的表达不依赖电压依赖性L-型钙通道。

*国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.39470810),中华医学基金资助项目(No.88485)高等学校博士点专项基金资助
*Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.39470810),China Medical Board Foundation (No.88485) and High Education Doctoral Science Foundation of China

作者单位:中山医科大学生理教研室,广州 510089

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1997-12-05收稿  1998-03-05修回