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小鼠脑内NO/NOS-cGMP信号系统 方 芳 曹 清 宋福津?王艳红 刘景生 摘 要 本文观察了吗啡依赖小鼠脑组织cGMP含量、 钙依赖性及非钙依赖性NOS活性的变化、 蛋白激酶A(protein kinase A, PKA)对NOS活性的磷酸化调节以及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂对吗啡依赖形成的影响。 结果发现: (1)小脑、 纹状体、 海马及大脑皮质cGMP含量明显下降; (2)纹状体及大脑皮质钙依赖性NOS活性明显升高, 而IP20(PKA抑制剂)可抑制此变化, 小脑及海马钙依赖性NOS活性及以上各脑区非钙依赖性NOS活性无明显变化; (3)纹状体、 大脑皮质中与NOS分子量相当的150 kD蛋白质的体外磷酸化水平低于对照, IP20 可抑制此变化; (4) NOS抑制剂可抑制小鼠对吗啡依赖的形成; (5)纳洛酮拮抗组小鼠未见上述变化。 结果表明, 吗啡依赖小鼠脑组织普遍存在cGMP水平下降, 纹状体、 大脑皮质钙依赖性NOS活性的增加可能与吗啡依赖有关, 且受PKA对其磷酸化调节。 NOS活性增加与cGMP含量的下降相矛盾, 提示NO/NOS在吗啡依赖中的作用可能是通过一种不同于产生cGMP信号的机制进行的。 EVIDENCE FOR
INVOLVEMENT OF NO/NOS-cGMP FANG FANG, CAO QING, SONG FU-JIN, The present study
was undertaken to observe changes in cGMP contents, calcium-dependent and
non-calcium-dependent NOS activities in brain regions isolated from
morphine-dependent mice as well as the effect of NOS inhibitor(L-NMMA) on the
development of this dependence. It was found that (1) cGMP contents in
cerebellum, striatum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex were significantly
decreased. (2) Calcium-dependent NOS activity was noticeably increased in
striatum and cerebral cortex, which was inhibited by PKA inhibitor. No
similar changes were found in cerebellum and hippocampus. Changes of
non-calcium-dependent NOS activity did not occur in morphine-dependent mice
brain. (3) In the striatum and cerebral cortex of morphine-dependent mice,
the level of 150 kD protein phosphorylation in vitro was noticeably
decreased, which was inhibited by IP20(PKA inhibitor). (4) NOS
inhibitor injected(icv) 15 min prior to daily morphine injection could
prevent the development of morphine dependence. (5) All the changes above
were not observed in mice treated with naloxone 30 min prior to daily
morphine injection. Our data suggest that the reduction of cGMP contents and
the increase of calcium-dependent NOS activity in striatum and cerebral
cortex isolated from morphine-dependent mice may be mediated by opioid
receptors and involved in the development of morphine-dependence. Why the
increase of NOS activity was in association with the reduction of cGMP
contents remains to be answered and it implies that the effect of NO/NOS
involved in morphine-dependence may be produced through other mechanisms
other than those producing cGMP signal. NOS phosphorylation in some other
brain regions, which may be regulated by PKA, probably contributes to the
increase of NOS activity in morphine-dependent mice. 阿片类物质耐受和依赖的生化机制仍不十分清楚。 过去20年研究多集中在阿片受体上, 但尚无一种受体理论能有效地解释阿片类药物耐受和依赖机制, 近年来阿片作用的受体后机制受到重视。 目前普遍认为, 腺苷酸环化酶/环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A(AC/cAMP-PKA)信号系统的上调可能是阿片耐受和依赖的一个重要机制[1,2]。 影响胞内cAMP水平的因素往往也可引起cGMP的变化。 有研究发现, cGMP的变化也可能与吗啡耐受和依赖有关[3,4]。 近年由于NMDA受体及NO研究的迅猛发展, 使得cGMP系统的研究领域得以扩展。 NO是一种重要的信使物质, 可与cGMP一起构成细胞信号传导系统, 介导神经递质的释放、 基因转录, 甚至具有神经毒性。 有研究表明, NO/NOS可能与阿片耐受和戒断反应有关[5, 6], 但对阿片依赖中脑组织NO/NOS的变化还缺乏直接证据, 而且其作用机制以及与cGMP的关系也不清楚。 本文观察了吗啡依赖小鼠一些脑组织中cGMP含量、 钙依赖性和非钙依赖性NOS活性的变化、 PKA对其调节及NOS抑制剂对吗啡依赖形成的影响。 |

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图 1 吗啡依赖小鼠脑组织cGMP含量变化 Fig.1 Concentration
of cGMP in the brain regions from morphine-dependent mice 2.2 吗啡依赖小鼠脑组织NOS活性的变化及PKA对其调节 |

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图 2 吗啡依赖小鼠脑组织钙依赖性NOS活性的变化 Fig.2 Ca2+-dependent
NOS activity of cytosol fractions in the brain regions from
morphine-dependent mice |

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图 3 吗啡依赖小鼠脑组织非钙依赖性NOS活性的变化 Fig.3 Non-Ca2+-dependent
NOS ac-tivity of cytosol fractions in the brain regions from
morphine-dependent mice Data are presented as 2.3 PKA对吗啡依赖小鼠脑组织150 kD蛋白的磷酸化调节
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图 4 PKA对吗啡依赖小鼠脑组织150 kD蛋白的磷酸化调节 Fig.4 Phosporylation of 150 kD
protein in brain from morphine-dependent mice regulated by PKA in vitro 2.4 NOS抑制剂对小鼠形成吗啡依赖过程的影响 表 1 NOS抑制剂对小鼠吗啡依赖形成的影响 Table 1 Effect of NOS inhibitor
(NOS-I) on the development of morphine dependence in mice |
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Treatment |
Average
number of jumps per mouse |
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Control
group |
0 |
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Morphine
group |
7.88±1.20** |
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Mor+NOS-I
group |
0.50±0.27△ △ |
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3 讨论 *国家自然科学基金资助项目
(No.39770852和39470803) 作者单位:方 芳 曹 清 宋福津?王艳红 刘景生 中国医学科学院、 中国协和医科大学基础医学研究所药理室, 北京协和医院病理科, 北京 100005 参考文献 [1] Collier HO. Cellular site of
opiate dependence. Nature, 1980, 283: 625~629. 1998-01-25收稿 1998-04-17修回 |