Received
2001-05-30Accepted 2001-07-12
This work was
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.39670761).
*Corresponding
author. Tel: (010)62672949; Fax:
(010) 62650780; E-mail: mwangh@panda.ioz.ac.cn
生理学报, Feb. 2002, 54 (1): 75~78
Acta
Physiologica Sinica
血管紧张素Ⅱ在小鼠卵泡闭锁中的作用
程勇1, 2, 焦丽红1, 刘瑞华1
, 王庆彬1
, 王红1,*, 夏国良2
1中国科学院动物研究所计划生育生殖生物学国家重点实验室,北京100080; 2中国农业大学生物学院,北京100094
摘要: 应用幼年小鼠经孕马血清促性腺激素(pregnant
mare′s serum gonadotropin, PMSG)处理的动物模型,
研究了卵泡从发育到闭锁动态变化过程中血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)的作用。 结果表明:(1) 24日龄小鼠给予PMSG (10 IU/只)后6 d时, 卵巢中出现大量闭锁卵泡,颗粒细胞DNA琼脂糖电泳显示了梯形条带;
(2)随卵泡闭锁发生, 卵巢Ang Ⅱ含量增加; (3) Ang Ⅱ显著拮抗FSH刺激颗粒细胞雌二醇生成的作用。我们认为, Ang Ⅱ参与了对小鼠卵泡闭锁的调节。
关键词: 血管紧张素Ⅱ; 卵泡闭锁; 颗粒细胞; 雌二醇
学科分类号: Q492.5; R339.22
Effect of angiotensin Ⅱ on follicular atresia in mouse
CHENG Yong1,
2, JIAO Li-Hong1, LIU Rui-Hua1, WANG Qing-Bin1, WANG Hong1,*,XIA Guo-Liang2
1State Key
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology,
Institute of Zoology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing 100080;
2College of Biology, China
Agriculture University, Beijing
100094
Abstract: The effect of angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) on
the follicular development was
studied by using an animal model of follicular atresia induced by
pregnant mare′s serum gonadotropin (PMSG). The results showed that: (1) a large
number of atretic follicles were found in the ovary of 24-day-old mouse after
6-day treatment of PMSG. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from granulosa
cells clearly showed a ladder band under agarose gel electrophoresis analysis.
(2) the contents of Ang Ⅱ in the ovary extremely increased with the development
of follicular atresia. (3) Ang Ⅱ significantly antagonized the
stimulating effect of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on estradiol (E2)
generation of granulosa cells. It is suggested that Ang Ⅱ may be involved in
the regulation of follicular atresia in mouse.
Key words:
angiotensin Ⅱ; follicular atresia;
granulosa cells; estradiol
血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensin Ⅱ, Ang Ⅱ)是一种血管活性肽, 其最重要的生理功能是调节血压和水盐代谢。人卵泡液中含有高浓度的血管紧张素原、肾素原、血管紧张素Ⅰ和Ang Ⅱ[1, 2]; 大鼠卵巢Ang Ⅱ的含量比血浆高8~75倍,
切除肾脏后卵巢的Ang Ⅱ水平不降低[3], 可见卵巢局部能产生Ang
Ⅱ。
最近有研究表明,大鼠闭锁卵泡中有丰富的血管紧张素Ⅱ型受体 (angiotensin type Ⅱ receptor, AT2R)[4]; Kotani等人[5]的实验证明FSH可以抑制卵泡AT2R的表达;
Kitzman等人[6]用Ang Ⅱ处理体外培养的金黄地鼠卵泡, 培液中雌激素/雄激素的比率降低; Mukhopadhyay等人[7]观察到牛卵泡液中肾素原含量与闭锁发生有关。上述结果显示,
Ang Ⅱ在卵巢卵泡闭锁中有重要作用。
我们用孕马血清促性腺激素 (pregnant mare′s
serum gonadotropin, PMSG) 处理的性未成熟小鼠作为模型,
观察了小鼠卵泡闭锁发生的时间过程, 研究了卵泡闭锁发生与卵巢Ang Ⅱ含量的关系, 并用小鼠卵泡颗粒细胞体外培养模型探讨了Ang Ⅱ诱导卵泡闭锁的可能作用途径。
实验动物性未成熟昆明小鼠购自中国科学院发育生物学研究所。饲养在25℃、 12 h光照、 12 h黑暗条件下, 动物可以自由饮水和取食。
药品与试剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、无DNA的RNA酶、溴酚蓝、溴化乙锭(EB)、己烯雌酚(DES)、促卵泡释放素(FSH)、血管紧张素Ⅱ、雄烯二酮、琼脂糖(agarose)均购自Sigma公司。McCoy′s
5a购自Gibico公司。PMSG为天津正江高科技公司产品(批号:990102)。Ang Ⅱ与雌二醇放免药盒为北京北方生物技术研究所产品。
卵巢卵泡颗粒细胞DNA分离和分析24 d小鼠腹腔注射PMSG 10 IU, 注射后2、4、6 d处死动物, 取出卵巢分离出颗粒细胞。细胞在裂解液中(300
mmol/L Tris-HCl buffer, 含100 mmol/L NaCl, 10 mmol/L EDTA和20 mmol/L葡萄糖, pH=7.4)匀浆。加入0.5%
SDS, 65℃孵育30 min, 立即加入1 mol/L HAc, 在冰浴中放置60 min以使蛋白质沉淀。离心(4℃, 5000 g, 10 min)后收集上清液,
用酚提取, 乙醇沉淀。将核酸重新溶在TE缓冲液中, 经RNAase消化(37℃,
60 min)后再用酚提取, 乙醇沉淀。最后得到的核酸在紫外分光光度计260~280 μm处测定含量, 存于4℃待用。DNA样品(4 μg)经2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳(80V, 60 min), 溴化乙锭染色, 紫外灯下观察并拍照。
卵巢AngⅡ的提取动物处理同上, 分离出卵巢后立即称重。加入1 mol/L的乙酸(重量∶体积=1∶10), 在沸水浴中加热10 min, 取出放入冰浴,
用超声波细胞破碎仪匀浆, 离心(10000 r/min, 25 min)。收集上清液, 浓缩干燥, -20℃保存。卵巢AngⅡ的含量用放射免疫法测定。
颗粒细胞的培养 20日龄小鼠每只皮下注射0.25 mg
DES, 连续注射3 d, 于第4日处死动物。在无菌条件下取出卵巢, 刺破卵泡收集颗粒细胞, 至少清洗3次后种于24孔培养板中, 每孔种2×105个细胞。
实验分五组:(1)只加培养液, (2)加入0.01
IU/ml FSH , (3)至(5)组加入0.01 IU/ml FSH 与10-7~10-5 mol/L AngⅡ。细胞培养在37℃、 5% CO2培养箱中,
72 h后更换成含10-7 mol/L雄烯二酮的培养液。继续培养24 h后, 收集培养液, 浓缩干燥, -20℃保存。用放射免疫法测定雌二醇含量。
结果如下:
1. PMSG对卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡的影响
卵泡闭锁是从卵泡细胞开始的细胞程序化死亡过程。首先测定了性未成熟小鼠PMSG处理后颗粒细胞发生凋亡的时间过程, 颗粒细胞DNA电泳表明(图1),
24日龄小鼠给予PMSG 后2、4 d时, 得到单一的DNA条带。注射6 d时, 明显的DNA梯形条带出现, 说明此时大量的颗粒细胞已发生凋亡。
图1.DNA琼脂糖电泳分析
Fig. 1.DNA
agarose gel electrophoresis analysis. DNA was extracted from follicular granulosa
cells in the ovaries of 24-d-old mouse after 2, 4, and 6 d of
treatment with PMSG and analyzed through 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The
results show that the ladder band of DNA appeared in the 6-d group.
PMSG中含有FSH、eLH和eCG等促性腺激素, 未成年小鼠给予PMSG后, 促性腺激素可以诱导卵泡FSH和LH受体, 刺激颗粒细胞芳香化酶活性,
促进性类固醇激素的合成, 使性未成熟动物卵泡开始生长发育。几天后, 随着血中促性腺激素水平下降, 失去激素支持的卵泡将走向闭锁[8, 9], 此时颗粒细胞大量凋亡,
细胞内核酸内切酶被激活, DNA被裂解为185~200 bp整数倍大小的片段, 形成了DNA电泳的梯形条带。 2. 卵泡闭锁发生过程中卵巢AngⅡ含量的变化
为探讨AngⅡ 对小鼠卵泡闭锁的影响, 我们用上述模型观察给予PMSG后2、4、6 d, 卵巢卵泡闭锁发生过程中AngⅡ的含量变化。如表1所示,
给予PMSG后2、4、6 d, 卵巢均可检测到AngⅡ。2 d时AngⅡ 的浓度为325.9±22.1 pg/g湿重组织, 4 d时AngⅡ 的浓度为284.4±13.6
pg/g湿重组织, 6 d时卵巢AngⅡ含量明显升高到396.0±20.0 pg/g湿重组织。与4 d和2 d时比, 有显著差异(P<0.05)。上述结果提供了卵巢AngⅡ水平升高与卵泡闭锁发生相关的证据。
AngⅡ可以诱导细胞凋亡已有报道, Yamada等人发现AngⅡ可以诱导PC12W细胞发生凋亡[10], Gao X和Gao ZG[11]也观察到AngⅡ诱导大鼠心肌细胞凋亡,
而心肌细胞凋亡和培液中AngⅡ浓度有关, <10 μmol/L AngⅡ对心肌细胞功能没有明显影响, 作者认为高水平的AngⅡ可导致细胞凋亡。
表1. 经PMSG处理2、4、6 d 后小鼠卵巢中AngⅡ的含量变化
Table 1.
Contents of Ang Ⅱ in the ovary of immature mice treated for 2, 4, and 6 d with PMSG
Days
[] n
[] Ang Ⅱ Con.
(pg/g wet tissue) 2[] 9[] 325.9±22.1 4 []9[] 284.4±13.6 6
[] 9[]396.0±20.0* *P<0.05,
group of 6 days vs groups of 2 and 4 days.
3. AngⅡ拮抗FSH刺激颗粒细胞雌激素生成
20日龄小鼠给予3 d DES后, 每个卵巢约收集到1.2×105个颗粒细胞。在离体培养条件下, 对照组颗粒细胞雌二醇的分泌量为6.06±0.36
pg/ml (n=10), FSH以剂量依赖方式刺激卵泡颗粒细胞雌二醇的分泌, 证明小鼠颗粒细胞体外培养模型可以应用。
当加入 10-7~10-5 mol/L Ang Ⅱ后, FSH刺激颗粒细胞雌激素生成的作用明显下降, 与单独给予FSH组相比, 雌激素水平明显降低(P<0.05)(图2)。
图2.AngⅡ对颗粒细胞雌二醇生成的抑制作用
Fig.
2.Inhibitory effect of Ang Ⅱ on estradiol secretion by granulosa cells in the mouse follicles. FSH, 0.01 IU/ml; AⅡ, 10-7~10-5 mol/L.
#P<0.05, FSH group vs control;
*P<0.05, FSH group vs FSH+AⅡ
groups.
关于FSH抑制卵泡闭锁, 刺激颗粒细胞生成雌激素, 已有许多研究。从我们的实验结果可以推测, Ang Ⅱ能通过抑制芳香化酶的活性拮抗FSH的作用。这一结果提出了Ang
Ⅱ诱导小鼠卵泡闭锁的作用途径, 即Ang Ⅱ通过抑制雌激素生成, 降低雌激素与雄激素的比率而诱导卵泡闭锁。
Ang Ⅱ对卵巢雌激素生成的调节存在明显的种间差异。Yoshimura等人[12]采用家兔卵巢体外灌流模型证明Ang
Ⅱ通过AT2R介导的机制刺激卵泡颗粒细胞雌激素合成;放射自显影研究支持上述看法, 排卵前的卵泡颗粒细胞和基质细胞上有丰富的AT2R[13]。Daud等人[14]的研究结果与家兔中的观察不同,
AT2R 仅出现在大鼠闭锁卵泡的颗粒细胞上, 正常发育的卵泡上未见AT2R。我们观察了Ang Ⅱ在小鼠卵泡上的免疫组化定位, 发现Ang Ⅱ只定位在出现凋亡的颗粒细胞上[15]。可见不同种动物卵泡颗粒细胞血管紧张素受体的亚型时空表达及其功能有明显差异。
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